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          做题笔记(二)
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        <h1 id="牛客网刷题笔记"><a href="#牛客网刷题笔记" class="headerlink" title="牛客网刷题笔记"></a><strong>牛客网刷题笔记</strong></h1><h2 id="在MySQL中Replace在相同的主键或者唯一键的时候相当于以下以下哪个操作"><a href="#在MySQL中Replace在相同的主键或者唯一键的时候相当于以下以下哪个操作" class="headerlink" title="在MySQL中Replace在相同的主键或者唯一键的时候相当于以下以下哪个操作"></a><strong>在MySQL中Replace在相同的主键或者唯一键的时候相当于以下以下哪个操作</strong></h2><p>replace具备替换拥有唯一索引或者主键索引重复数据的能力，也就是如果使用replace into插入的数据的唯一索引或者主键索引与之前的数据有重复的情况，将会删除原先的数据，然后再进行添加</p>
<h2 id="MYSQL中处理插入过程主键或唯一重复值的解决办法"><a href="#MYSQL中处理插入过程主键或唯一重复值的解决办法" class="headerlink" title="MYSQL中处理插入过程主键或唯一重复值的解决办法"></a><strong>MYSQL中处理插入过程主键或唯一重复值的解决办法</strong></h2><ol>
<li>IGNORE:有则忽略，无则插入</li>
<li>REPLACE：有则删除再插入，无则插入</li>
<li>ON DUPLIACATE KEY UPDATE:有则更新，无则插入</li>
</ol>
<h2 id="数据结构之队列"><a href="#数据结构之队列" class="headerlink" title="数据结构之队列"></a><strong>数据结构之队列</strong></h2><p>Java中的队列继承了Collection集合。</p>
<p>public interface Queue<E> extends Collection<E></E></E></p>
<p>Queue是一个接口，定义了6个方法，分别为：</p>
<ul>
<li><p>boolean add(E e):增加一个元索 如果队列已满，则抛出一个IIIegaISlabEepeplian异常</p>
</li>
<li><p>boolean offer(E e):添加一个元素并返回true 如果队列已满，则返回false</p>
</li>
<li><p>E remove():移除并返回队列头部的元素 如果队列为空，则抛出一个NoSuchElementException异常</p>
</li>
<li><p>E poll():移除并返问队列头部的元素 如果队列为空，则返回null</p>
</li>
<li><p>E element():返回队列头部的元素 如果队列为空，则抛出一个NoSuchElementException异常</p>
</li>
<li><p>E peek():返回队列头部的元素 如果队列为空，则返回null</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p>Queue是个接口，继承自Collection接口，Deque,LinkedList,PriorityQueue,BlockingQueue等类都实现了它</p>
<p>方法介绍：</p>
<ol>
<li><p>add(E),offer(E)在尾部添加</p>
<ul>
<li><p>他们的共同之处是建议实现类禁止添加null元素，否则会报空指针</p>
</li>
<li><p>不同之处在于add()方法在添加失败(比如队列已满)时会报一些运行时错误，而offer()方法即使在添加失败时也不会崩溃，只会返回false</p>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>remove()、poll()删除并返回头部</p>
<ul>
<li>当队列为空时remove()方法会报NoSuchElementException错误，而poll()不会崩溃，只会返回null。</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>element(),ppek()获取但不删除</p>
<ul>
<li>当队列为空时element会抛出异常，peek()不会崩溃，只会返回null。</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ol>
<h2 id="字符串操作"><a href="#字符串操作" class="headerlink" title="字符串操作"></a><strong>字符串操作</strong></h2><ol>
<li><p>获取字符串长度length()</p>
</li>
<li><p>获取字符串中第i个字符charAt(i)</p>
</li>
<li><p>将此字符串中的字符复制到目标字符数组中  void getChars(indexBegin,indexEnd,array,arrayBegin) </p>
<ul>
<li>indexBegin:需要复制的字符串的开始索引</li>
<li>indexEnd:需要复制的字符串的结束索引</li>
<li>array:前面定义的char型数组的数组名</li>
<li>arrayBegin:数组array开始存储的位置索引号</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>按字典顺序比较两个字符串  int compareTo(String anotherString)</p>
</li>
<li><p>测试此字符串是否以指定的后缀结尾  endsWith(String suffix)</p>
</li>
<li><p>返回指定字符第一次出现的字符串内的索引 int indexOf(String str) / indexOf(String str, int fromIndex) 从指定的索引开始</p>
</li>
<li><p>返回指定字符的最后一次出现的字符串中的索引 int  lastIndexOf(int ch) / lastIndexOf(int ch, int fromIndex) 从指定的索引开始向后搜索</p>
</li>
<li><p>返回一个字符序列，该序列是该序列的子序列 CharSequence subSequence(int beginIndex, int endIndex) </p>
</li>
<li><p>返回一个字符串，该字符串是此字符串的子字符串 String substring(int beginIndex) / substring(int beginIndex, int endIndex)</p>
</li>
<li><p>将此字符串转换为新的字符数组 char[] toCharArray() </p>
</li>
<li><p>返回一个字符串，其值为此字符串，并删除任何前导和尾随空格。String trim()</p>
</li>
</ol>
<h2 id="数据结构之栈"><a href="#数据结构之栈" class="headerlink" title="数据结构之栈"></a><strong>数据结构之栈</strong></h2><p>栈继承自Vector这个类，这个类与ArrayList、LinkedList一起实现了AbstractList抽象类</p>
<p>Stack与Queue不在一个包下，Stack在java.util.AbstractCollection<E>包下，Queue在java.util包下</E></p>
<p>栈扩展了Vector的操作，构造方法只有一个无参构造</p>
<p>方法：</p>
<ol>
<li><p>boolean empty() 测试此堆栈是否为空</p>
</li>
<li><p>E peek() 查看此堆栈顶部的对象，而不从堆栈中删除它</p>
</li>
<li><p>E pop() 删除此堆栈顶部的对象，并将该对象作为此函数的返回值</p>
</li>
<li><p>E push(E item) 将项目推送至此堆栈的顶部</p>
</li>
<li><p>int search(Object o) 返回一个对象在此堆栈上的基于1的位置</p>
</li>
</ol>
<h2 id="接口中变量和方法的默认修饰符是什么"><a href="#接口中变量和方法的默认修饰符是什么" class="headerlink" title="接口中变量和方法的默认修饰符是什么"></a><strong>接口中变量和方法的默认修饰符是什么</strong></h2><p>变量: public static final </p>
<p>方法: public abstract</p>
<h2 id="可能引起进程挂起的原因有"><a href="#可能引起进程挂起的原因有" class="headerlink" title="可能引起进程挂起的原因有"></a><strong>可能引起进程挂起的原因有</strong></h2><p>（1）终端用户的请求。当终端用户在自己的程序运行期间发现有可疑问题时，希望暂停使自己的程序静止下来。亦即，使正在执行的进程暂停执行；若此时用户进 程正处于就绪状态而未执行，则该进程暂不接受调度，以便用户研究其执行情况或对程序进行修改。我们把这种静止状态称为“挂起状态”。</p>
<p>（2）父进程的请求。有时父进程希望挂起自己的某个子进程，以便考察和修改子进程，或者协调各子进程间的活动。 　　     </p>
<p>（3）负荷调节的需要。当实时系统中的工作负荷较重，已可能影响到对实时任务的控制时，可由系统把一些不重要的进程挂起，以保证系统能正常运行。</p>
<p>（4）操作系统的需要。操作系统有时希望挂起某些进程，以便检查运行中的资源使用情况或进行记账</p>
<h2 id="不同的事务交叉执行可能会破坏事务的哪一特性"><a href="#不同的事务交叉执行可能会破坏事务的哪一特性" class="headerlink" title="不同的事务交叉执行可能会破坏事务的哪一特性"></a><strong>不同的事务交叉执行可能会破坏事务的哪一特性</strong></h2><p>A 原子性 要么都执行，要么都不执行</p>
<p>C 一致性 事物执行前后数据库保持一致的正确状态</p>
<p>I 隔离性 不同事务之间互不干扰</p>
<p>D 持久性 事务一旦提交，对数据库中数据的变更是永久的</p>
<h2 id="反射方面的问题"><a href="#反射方面的问题" class="headerlink" title="反射方面的问题"></a><strong>反射方面的问题</strong></h2><p><code>getDeclaredFields()</code>方法都能获取到哪些字段？</p>
<p>获取类的字段有两种方式：getFields()和getDeclaredFields()。</p>
<p>getFields()：获得某个类的所有的公共（public）的字段，包括父类中的字段。<br>getDeclaredFields()：获得某个类的所有声明的字段，即包括public、private和proteced，但是不包括父类的声明字段。</p>
<p><strong>getDeclaredConstructors和getConstructors的区别</strong></p>
<p>getDeclaredConstructors和getConstructors都能得到默认的public构造函数</p>
<p>getDeclaredConstructors可以得到所有访问权限的构造函数；getConstructors只能得到public修饰的构造函数。</p>
<ul>
<li>构造方法有四种访问权限<ul>
<li>public</li>
<li>默认</li>
<li>protected</li>
<li>private</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="protected、public、private作用范围"><a href="#protected、public、private作用范围" class="headerlink" title="protected、public、private作用范围"></a><strong>protected、public、private作用范围</strong></h2><p>public：表示所有其他类都可以访问。</p>
<p>protected：当前类或子类可以访问，同时相同包内的其他类也可以访问protected成员；</p>
<p>default :默认（没有修饰符）：表示本包内可以使用</p>
<p>private：表示的是在本类内可以使用；</p>
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